GK MCQs

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's philosophical system, known as Absolute Idealism, was fundamentally based on the primacy of thought and ideas, arguing that reality itself unfolds through a dialectical process of thinking (thesis, antithesis, and synthesis). This is distinct from the later philosophy of Karl Marx, who inverted Hegel's framework into 'dialectical materialism,' grounding the historical process in material and economic conditions ('material exchange') rather than pure thought.

Randomization, the practice of randomly assigning subjects or conditions in a study, is considered the most effective method for controlling both internal threats to validity (factors within the study that might bias results, such as selection bias) and external threats to validity (factors limiting how well results generalize to other settings), since it helps ensure that any differences between groups are due to chance rather than systematic bias.

Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was shot down by an Iranian surface-to-air missile in January 2020 shortly after takeoff from Tehran, killing all aboard. Iranian authorities, after initially denying involvement, eventually acknowledged that the missile was launched due to human error, as air defense operators mistakenly identified the civilian airliner as a hostile target during a period of heightened military tension.

Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (1889-1940) founded the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in 1925 at Nagpur, Maharashtra. The RSS is a Hindu nationalist volunteer organization. It was established to promote Hindu cultural values and national unity. It has been controversial for its role in communal tensions and its influence on Indian politics. The RSS is the ideological parent of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The concept of a 'New World Order,' often associated with principles such as respect for territorial integrity, the promotion of human rights, and peaceful international engagement and cooperation, does not include 'war on terrorism' as one of its foundational principles, since that phrase emerged later as a specific post-9/11 policy framework rather than a core tenet of the broader New World Order concept.

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) is the founder of Scientific Management. He developed principles for improving industrial efficiency through time and motion studies, worker selection, and standardized work processes. His work 'The Principles of Scientific Management' (1911) established this school of thought. Simon contributed to administrative behavior, Follet to human relations.

The Orange Revolution is associated with Ukraine. It occurred between November 2004 and January 2005, following the disputed presidential election. The protests were sparked by allegations of electoral fraud and corruption. Viktor Yushchenko emerged as the victor after a re-run of the election. The revolution was part of the broader wave of color revolutions in post-Soviet states.

Strong emphasis on justice was laid down by Aristotle. He wrote extensively on justice in his work 'Nicomachean Ethics,' distinguishing between distributive justice and corrective justice. Socrates was a philosopher who emphasized virtue, Herodotus was a historian, and the Stoics emphasized virtue and duty. Aristotle's concept of justice remains influential in philosophy and law.

The Battle of Saragarhi (September 12, 1897) is perceived as the best last stand battle in military history. 21 Sikh soldiers of the British Indian Army defended an outpost against 10,000 Afghan tribesmen. All 21 soldiers were killed, but they inflicted heavy casualties. Their sacrifice is commemorated annually. It is one of the most celebrated last stands in military history.

The proton was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1917-1919, not by the listed scientists. J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, James Chadwick discovered the neutron, and Eugen Goldstein discovered canal rays (which are positive ions). Since Goldstein is associated with positive rays, he is the closest, but Rutherford is the correct discoverer, making 'None of these' correct.