Read each question, consider the options, then reveal the correct answer and explanation.
100 MCQs10 per page2 of 10
MCQ 11Web Technologies
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the 'Intersection Observer API' in JavaScript?
To permanently disable scrolling
To efficiently detect when a target element enters or exits the visible viewport (or another specified container), without expensive manual scroll-event listening and calculations
A synonym for CSS media queries
A technique used only for form validation
Correct answerB — To efficiently detect when a target element enters or exits the visible viewport (or another specified container), without expensive manual scroll-event listening and calculations
Explanation
The Intersection Observer API provides an efficient, asynchronous way to detect when a target element enters or exits the viewport (or a specified ancestor), commonly used for features like lazy loading images or infinite scrolling, without the performance cost of manually calculating positions on every scroll event.
MCQ 12Operating Systems
What is the purpose of an operating system's 'capabilities' model (such as Linux capabilities), as a finer-grained alternative to traditional root/non-root privilege?
To grant a process either full root privileges or none at all, with no middle ground
A synonym for a firewall rule
A feature used only for network sockets
To break down the broad privileges traditionally associated with the root user into smaller, individually grantable units, allowing a process to be given only the specific privileged operations it actually needs
Correct answerD — To break down the broad privileges traditionally associated with the root user into smaller, individually grantable units, allowing a process to be given only the specific privileged operations it actually needs
Explanation
The Linux capabilities model divides the broad set of privileges traditionally granted only to the root user into smaller, individually assignable capabilities, allowing a process to be granted just the specific privileged operations it needs, rather than full root access, following the principle of least privilege.
MCQ 13Oop & Uml
What is the purpose of 'protocol-oriented programming', a style emphasized in languages like Swift, compared to traditional class-based inheritance?
A style that eliminates the use of any interfaces or protocols entirely
A style that favors composing behavior through multiple lightweight protocols (similar to interfaces) that types can conform to, rather than relying primarily on deep class inheritance hierarchies
A synonym for the Singleton pattern
A style used only for network protocol implementation
Correct answerB — A style that favors composing behavior through multiple lightweight protocols (similar to interfaces) that types can conform to, rather than relying primarily on deep class inheritance hierarchies
Explanation
Protocol-oriented programming favors composing behavior by having types conform to multiple lightweight protocols (similar to interfaces), rather than relying primarily on deep class inheritance hierarchies, often providing more flexibility and reducing some of the pitfalls associated with rigid inheritance chains.
MCQ 14Computer Networks
What is the purpose of 'Anycast' routing combined with 'Unicast' failover in resilient DNS root server deployment?
To rely on a single physical server worldwide for all queries
A synonym for round-robin DNS with no distinction
A technique used only for private internal networks
To distribute many physical server instances sharing the same anycast IP address globally, with routing automatically directing clients to the nearest healthy instance, providing both performance and resilience
Correct answerD — To distribute many physical server instances sharing the same anycast IP address globally, with routing automatically directing clients to the nearest healthy instance, providing both performance and resilience
Explanation
DNS root servers use anycast addressing, deploying many physical server instances worldwide that all share the same IP address; routing protocols automatically direct client queries to the topologically nearest healthy instance, providing both low latency and resilience against the failure of any single instance.
MCQ 15Oop & Uml
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a 'value object' in domain-driven design, as opposed to an 'entity'?
A value object is defined by a persistent unique identity that must be tracked over time
A value object is defined solely by its attribute values (not a unique identity), is typically immutable, and two value objects with the same attributes are considered equal
A synonym for a database table
A concept applicable only to primitive data types
Correct answerB — A value object is defined solely by its attribute values (not a unique identity), is typically immutable, and two value objects with the same attributes are considered equal
Explanation
A value object is defined entirely by the values of its attributes rather than a persistent unique identity, is typically immutable, and two value objects with identical attribute values are considered interchangeable and equal, unlike an entity, which retains its distinct identity even if its attributes change.
MCQ 16Computer Fundamentals
Which of the following best describes the purpose of 'accessibility overlay' widgets sometimes added to websites?
A guaranteed, complete solution for full website accessibility compliance
A synonym for a website's sitemap
A third-party script layer that attempts to adjust a website's presentation for accessibility, though it is often criticized as an incomplete substitute for genuinely accessible underlying code
A tool used only for SEO optimization
Correct answerC — A third-party script layer that attempts to adjust a website's presentation for accessibility, though it is often criticized as an incomplete substitute for genuinely accessible underlying code
Explanation
Accessibility overlay widgets are third-party scripts that attempt to adjust a website's presentation to improve accessibility, but they are frequently criticized by accessibility experts as an incomplete band-aid that cannot fully substitute for genuinely accessible, well-structured underlying code and design.
MCQ 17Oop & Uml
What is the purpose of the 'Circuit Breaker' pattern when combined with object-oriented service client design?
To restrict a class to a single instance
To wrap calls to a potentially failing remote service within an object that monitors failure rates and temporarily short-circuits further calls once a failure threshold is exceeded, preventing cascading failures
To define a family of interchangeable algorithms
A pattern used only for database queries
Correct answerB — To wrap calls to a potentially failing remote service within an object that monitors failure rates and temporarily short-circuits further calls once a failure threshold is exceeded, preventing cascading failures
Explanation
A circuit breaker object wraps calls to a potentially unreliable remote service, monitoring the failure rate; once failures exceed a defined threshold, it 'trips' and temporarily stops sending further requests, giving the failing service time to recover and preventing cascading failures throughout the system.
MCQ 18Database Pl/sql
Which of the following best describes the purpose of 'database connection multiplexing' at the application driver level, as opposed to a separate proxy layer?
To permanently prevent any connection reuse
A synonym for database replication
A technique used only for encrypting connections
To have the application's own database driver manage a pool of physical connections internally, transparently sharing them among concurrent logical requests within the same process
Correct answerD — To have the application's own database driver manage a pool of physical connections internally, transparently sharing them among concurrent logical requests within the same process
Explanation
At the driver level, connection multiplexing (pooling) allows an application's database driver to internally maintain and share a pool of physical connections among concurrent logical database requests within the same process, avoiding the overhead of establishing a new physical connection for every request.
MCQ 19Computer Hardware & Architecture
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a 'scratchpad memory' as used in some specialized and embedded processor designs?
A software-managed, fast on-chip memory region explicitly controlled by the programmer or compiler, rather than automatically managed like a traditional hardware cache
A synonym for virtual memory swap space
A type of removable external storage
A memory region used only for storing the operating system kernel
Correct answerA — A software-managed, fast on-chip memory region explicitly controlled by the programmer or compiler, rather than automatically managed like a traditional hardware cache
Explanation
Scratchpad memory is a fast, on-chip memory explicitly and directly managed by software (the programmer or compiler decides what goes where), unlike a traditional cache which is automatically and transparently managed by hardware, offering more predictable timing at the cost of manual management complexity.
MCQ 20Operating Systems
What is the purpose of a 'kernel taint' flag in Linux, set when certain conditions occur (like loading a proprietary or out-of-tree module)?
To permanently corrupt kernel memory
A synonym for a kernel panic
A feature used only for network drivers
To mark that the kernel has entered a state that developers may consider outside full official support, useful context when diagnosing bug reports or crashes
Correct answerD — To mark that the kernel has entered a state that developers may consider outside full official support, useful context when diagnosing bug reports or crashes
Explanation
A kernel taint flag indicates that certain conditions have occurred (such as loading a proprietary or non-mainline module) that could affect the kernel's behavior in ways outside normal community support expectations, providing useful context for kernel developers when diagnosing reported bugs or crashes.
